Andrew Surman and Brian Stock's late strikes made Paul Heffernan's seventh minute goal irrelevant.
Both sides competed with injury-ravaged squads but it was undoubtedly the home side who looked the more willing to play football and take the three points.
Doncaster's injury woes continued when Neil Roberts had to be removed from the stadium after collapsing with a virus two hours before kick-off.
But the visitors showed no signs of illness when they took the lead inside 10 minutes.
James Coppinger broke down the Bournemouth left and outpaced full-back Callum Hart before pulling the ball back for Heffernan to drill a low finish past Gareth Stewart.
It was Heffernan's second of the season and broke a personal goal duck of two months.
Bournemouth almost immediately drew level when a lofted ball from Stock caused havoc between Doncaster goalkeeper Jan Budtz and full-back Sean McDaid. Neither player claimed the ball and McDaid's backwards header drifted inched wide of the right-hand post.
Doncaster recovered from this mistake to defend well for the remainder of the first half and all Bournemouth had to show for their possession was a Stock free-kick which drifted narrowly wide.
The home side's dominance continued throughout the second half with the impressive Surman at the centre of all their play.
The on-loan Saints starlet almost grabbed an equaliser on the hour when he played a quick one-two with James Keene but placed a chip over the bar.
But he was rewarded for his individual display when he grabbed the equaliser eight minutes from time.
Substitute Stephen Cooke delivered a looping cross into the Doncaster penalty area and Surman stole in to toe poke it past Budtz.
The Cherries then took all three points at the death when James Hayter's cross was headed home by Stock in front of a jubilant North Stand.